They include depth curves or soundings or both aids to navigation such as buoys, channel markers, and lights islands, rocks, wrecks, reefs and other hazards and significant features of the coastal areas, including promontories, church steeples, water towers, and other features helpful in determining positions from offshore. Nautical charts are maps of coastal and marine areas, providing information for navigation. They provide the bases for specialized maps and data for compilation of generalized maps of smaller scale. ![]() In short, they provide a complete inventory of the terrain and important information for all activities involving the use and development of the land. They show the shape of land and record elevations above sea level, lakes, streams and other hydrographic features, and roads and other works of man. Topographic maps are graphic representations of natural and man-made features of parts of the Earth’s surface plotted to scale. These lines of Jonathan Swift were inspired by early maps: As man explored and recorded his environment, the quality of his maps and charts improved. In early times cartographic efforts were more artistic than scientific and factual. The connotations of use, however, are distinctive: charts for navigation purposes (nautical and aeronautical), plats (in a property-boundary sense) for land-line references and ownership, and maps for general reference.Ĭartography is allied with geography in its concern with the broader aspects of the Earth and its life. The words map, chart, and plat are used somewhat interchangeably. The tedious and somewhat abstract statements resulting from attempts to formulate precise definitions of maps and charts are more likely to confuse than to clarify. In order to imply the elements of accurate relationships, and some formal method of projecting the spherical subject to a map plane, further qualifications might be applied to the definition.
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